Synthesis of a Fluorene Carbonate from Fluorenyl Epoxide Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxde 


Vol. 16,  No. 4, pp. 239-244, Dec.  2010


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  Abstract

The carboxylation ofthe fluorenyl epoxide with a spiro framework, 9,9’-Bi (4- oxiranylmethoxyphenyl) fluorine (2) was catalyzed by some onium salts such as quatemary ammonium and phosphonium salts to produce the corresponding five-membered cyclic carbonate (3) in an efficient and environmentally benign fashion. The coupling reactions depend great1y on the kind of the halide anions and alkyl chain length of the onium salts. While the reaction was sensitive to the reaction temperature, the reaction trends suggest that the catalytic efficiency ofthe quatemary ammonium halides may correlate strongly with the melting points of the halides. The reactions using a catalytic amount (2 mol %) of quatemary ammonium bromide with an n-butyl chain at 75.9 bar ofC02 and 393 K give the highest yield ofthe cyclic carbonate (92%).

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  Cite this article

[IEEE Style]

S. YS, S. JJ, R. CS, "Synthesis of a Fluorene Carbonate from Fluorenyl Epoxide Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxde," Clean Technology, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 239-244, 2010. DOI: .

[ACM Style]

Sim YS, Shim JJ, and Ra CS. 2010. Synthesis of a Fluorene Carbonate from Fluorenyl Epoxide Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxde. Clean Technology, 16, 4, (2010), 239-244. DOI: .

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